Monday, November 12, 2012

Computer Invented :-


When was the first computer invented?

Definition

The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century when it began referring to a machine that performed calculations.

Word "computer" was first used
The word "computer" was first recorded as being used in 1613 and was originally was used to describe a person who performed calculations or computations.

First mechanical computer :

In 1822, Charles Babbage purposed and began developing the Difference Engine, considered to be the first automatic computing engine that was capable of computing several sets of numbers and making a hard copies of the results.

Unfortunately, because of funding he was never able to complete a full-scale functional version of this machine. In June of 1991, the London Science Museum completed the Difference Engine No 2 for the bicentennial year of Babbage's birth and later completed the printing mechanism in 2000.

Analytical EngineLater, in 1837 Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine.

The Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memory and is the first general-purpose computer concept.

Unfortunately, because of funding issues this computer was also never built while Charles Babbage's was alive. In 1910, Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage's youngest son was able to complete a portion of this machine and was able to perform basic calculations.

The 1st programmable computer
The Z1, originally created by Germany's Konrad Zuse in his parents living room in 1936 to 1938 is considered to be the first electro-mechanical binary programmable (modern) computer and really the first functional computer.

The 1st electric  computer

The Colossus was the first electric programmable computer and was developed by Tommy Flowers and first demonstrated in December 1943. The Colossus was created to help the British code breakers read encrypted German messages.

The 1st digital PC

Short for Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABC started being developed by Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff Berry in 1937 and continued to be developed until 1942 at the Iowa State College (now Iowa State University).

The ABC was an electrical computer that used vacuum tubes for digital computation including binary math and Boolean logic and had no CPU. On October 19, 1973, the US Federal Judge Earl R. Larson signed his decision that the ENIAC patent by Eckert and Mauchly was invalid and named Atanasoff the inventor of the electronic digital computer.

ENIACThe ENIAC was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania and began construction in 1943 and was not completed until1946. It occupied about 1,800 square feet and used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing almost 50 tons. Although the Judge ruled that the ABC computer was the first digital computer, many still consider the ENIAC to be the first digital computer because it was fully functional.

The 1st stored PC

The early British computer known as the EDSAC is considered to be the first stored program electronic computer. The computer performed its first calculation on May 6, 1949 and was the computer that ran the first
graphical computer game, nicknamed "Baby".

The 1st company

The first computer company was the Electronic Controls Company and was founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the same individuals who helped create the ENIAC computer. The company was later renamed to EMCC or Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and released a series of mainframe computers under the UNIVAC name.

1st stored pc

First delivered to the United States Government in 1950, the UNIVAC 1101 or ERA 1101 is considered to be the first computer that was capable of storing and running a program from memory.

1st commercial computer

In 1942, Konrad Zuse begin working on the Z4, which later became the first commercial computer after being sold to Eduard Stiefel a mathematician of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich on July 12, 1950.

1st PC (IBM compatible) computer

On April 7, 1953 IBM publicly introduced the 701, its first electric computer and first mass produced computer. Later IBM introduced its first personal computer called the IBM PC in 1981. The computer was code named and still sometimes referred to as the Acorn and had a 8088 processor, 16 KB of memory, which was expandable to 256 and utilizing MS-DOS.

1st computer with RAM

 MIT introduces the Whirlwind machine on March 8, 1955, a revolutionary computer that was the first digital computer with magnetic core RAM and real-time graphics.

The 1st transistor computer
The TX-O (Transistorized Experimental computer) is the first transistorizedcomputer to be demonstrated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in1956.

The 1st minicomputer
In 1960, Digital Equipment Corporation released its first of many PDP computers the PDP-1.

The 1st mass-market PC
In 1968, Hewlett Packard began marketing the first mass-marketed PC, the HP 9100A.

The 1st workstation
Although it was never sold, the first workstation is considered to be the Xerox Alto, introduced in 1974. The computer was revolutionary for its time and included a fully functional computer, display, and mouse. The computer operated like many computers today utilizing windows, menus and icons as an interface to its operating system.

The 1st microprocessor
Intel introduces the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 on November 15,
1971.

The 1st personal computer

In 1975, Ed Roberts coined the term "personal computer" when he introduced the Altair 8800. Although the first personal computer is considered by many to be the Kenback-1, which was first introduced for $750 in 1971. The computer relied on a series of switches for inputting data and output data by turning on and off a series of lights.
The Micral is considered the be the first commercial non-assembly computer. The computer used the Intel 8008 processor and sold for $1,750 in 1973.

The 1st  laptop or portable computer

IBM 5100The IBM 5100 is the first portable computer, which was released on September1975. The computer weighed 55 pounds and had a five inch CRT display, tape drive, 1.9MHz PALM processor, and 64KB of RAM. In the picture to the right, is an ad of the IBM 5100 taken from a November 1975 issue of Scientific America.
The first truly portable computer or laptop is considered to be the Osborne I, which was released on April 1981 and developed by Adam Osborne. The Osborne I weighed 24.5 pounds, had a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, two 5 1/4" floppy drives, ran the CP/M 2.2 operating system, included a modem, and cost US$179.
The IBM PC Division (PCD) later released the IBM portable in 1984, it's first portable computer that weighed in at 30 pounds. Later in 1986, IBM PCD announced it's first laptop computer, the PC Convertible, weighing 12 pounds. Finally, in 1994, IBM introduced the IBM ThinkPad 775CD, the first notebook with an integrated CD-ROM.

The 1st Apple computer
Steve Wozniak designed the first Apple known as the Apple I computer in 1976.

The 1st PC clone
The Compaq Portable is considered to be the first PC clone and was release in March 1983 by Compaq. The Compaq Portable was 100% compatible with IBM computers and was capable of running any software developed for IBM computers.
  • See the below other major computer companies first for other IBM compatible computers

The 1st multimedia computer
In 1992, Tandy Radio Shack becomes one of the first companies to release a computer based on the MPC standard with its introduction of the M2500 XL/2 and M4020 SX computers.


Other major computer company firsts
Below is a listing of some of the major computers companies first computers.
Compaq - In March 1983, Compaq released its first computer and the first 100% IBM compatible computer the "Compaq Portable."
Dell - In 1985, Dell introduced its first computer, the "Turbo PC."
Hewlett Packard - In 1966, Hewlett Packard released its first general computer, the "HP-2115."
NEC - In 1958, NEC builds its first computer the "NEAC 1101."
Toshiba - In 1954, Toshiba introduces its first computer, the "TAC" digital computer.

Real Pictures of Titanic



Titanic 

Titanic (old pic)

Capitan of Titanic

Newspaper lines on Titanic Sink

Survive  Boats of Titanic 

Crew Group Of Titanic

Inner View Of Titanic and Movie scene 

Officer Harold Of Titanic

Funereal of Titanic victim 

Designed Like Titanic Coffee Compartment 

Movie and Originals Of Titanic

Single Black Man of Titanic

Titanic Boats Reaching Carpathia

Movie and Original Character of Titanic

Huge Titanic

Front View Of  Huge Titanic  Ship

Ticket for Titanic Ship

Captain of Titanic Ship

Newspaper Headlines On Titanic Disaster 

NewsPaper Front Page Showing Titanic 

Leading News Of Titanic Ship

Unforgettable incident of Titanic

Titanic and Titanic

Movie character and original of Titanic (Bandleader Wallace)

Five most costly players of IPL 2012



Five most costly players of IPL 2012
Player Name
IPL Team
Sold for
Ravindra Jadeja
Chennai Super Kings
$2 million
Mahela Jayawardene
Delhi Daredevils
$1.4 million
R Vinay Kumar
Royal Challengers Bangalore
$1 million
Brendon McCullum
Kolkata Knight Riders
$900,000 
Sunil Narine
Kolkata Knight Riders
$700,000

Highest Paid IPL Players of 2011

Player Name  IPL Team Cost
Gautum GambhirIndia Kolkata Knight Riders$ 2400000 
Yusuf Pathan India Kolkata Knight Riders$2100000
 Robin Uthappa India Pune Warriors$2100000
Rohit SharmaIndia Mumbai Indians$2000000 
Irfan Pathan India Delhi Daredevils$1900000
MS DhoniIndia Chennai Super Kings$1800000
Virender SehwagIndia Delhi Daredevils$1800000 
Sachin Tendulkar India Mumbai Indians$1800000
 Yuvraj Singh India Pune Warriors$1800000

Cricket Player Name

Australia

Ricky Ponting - R Ponting
Adam Gilchrist - A Gelchrast
Brad Hogg - B Hugg
Shane Watson - A Bagel
Justin Langer - J Linker
Nathan Bracken - J Guisseppi
Shane Warne - S Worde
SCG MacGill - S Magoll
Matthew Hayden - M Hyder
Brad Hodge - S Kettack
Brett Lee - B Leap
Simon Katich - D Laymer
Michael Clarke - M Clock
Mike Hussey - D Mehrten
Glenn McGrath - G MacGrith
Andy Symonds - A Simms

Sri Lanka

Sanath Jayasuriya - S Joyeseriye
Marvan Atapattu - M Atepetto
Mahela Jayawardene - M Joyewordine
Kumar Sangakkara - K Sengekkoro
Russel Arnold - R Arnelde
Muttiah Muralitharan - M Merilitherin
Chaminda Vaas - C Vees
Dilhara Fernando - D Firnende
Upul Chandana - U Chindine
Tillakaratne Dilshan - T Dalshon
Lasith Malinga - N Ziyse
Avishka Gunawardene - S Joyonthe
Upul Tharanga - T Kondemby
Jehan Mubarak - N Koloshakira
Farveez Maharoof - F Miheraaf
Ruchira Perera - R Hireth

New Zealand

Stephen Fleming - S Flameng
Nathan Astle - N Astlar
Shane Bond - S Binde
James Franklin - J Frinkler
Chris Martin - C Morten
Jacob Oram - K Meals
Brendon McCullum - B McCallen
Craig McMillan - C McMollen
Chris Cairns - J Oron
Hamish Marshall - M Phepps
Lou Vincent - M Racherton
Daryl Tuffey - D Toffee
Daniel Vettori - D Vittare
Peter Fulton - M Sanclear
Kyle Mills - I Battler

Pakistan

Abdul Razzaq - A Rizziq
Mohammad Yousuf - Y Yeahone
Inzamam-ul-Haq - I Al-Huq
Yasir Hameed - Y Homaad
Mohammad Sami - M Sume
Kamran Akmal - M Khone
Shoaib Akhtar - S Akhti
Mohammad Asif - F e-Akbul
Imran Farhat - I Ferhit
Salman Butt - T Umeri
Danish Kaneria - S Mashtuq
Rana Naved - S Ahmad
Shahid Afridi - S Afrede
Shoaib Malik - S Mulak
Younis Khan - Y Khone
Asim Kamal

South Africa

Shaun Pollock - S Pullack
Mark Boucher - M Bauchar
Nicky Boje - N Bija
Boeta Dippenaar - B Dappienner
Graeme Smith - G Smythe
Herschelle Gibbs - H Gybb
Justin Kemp - A Hill
Jacques Kallis - J Kulles
Andre Nel - A Nail
Andrew Hall - L Kleasnar
AB deVilliers - A DeVilears
Makhaya Ntini - M Ntone
Ashwell Prince - A Prints
Johan Botha - P Addons
Monde Zondeki - M Zandakey
Jacques Rudolph - J Randolf

England

Geraint Jones - G James
James Anderson - J Andorsson
Kevin Pietersen - K Patterson
Andrew Strauss - A Streass
Paul Collingwood - P Callongwoode
Andrew Flintoff - A Flantiff
Ashley Giles - A Galis
Stephen Harmison - S Hermason
Matthew Hoggard - M Higgart
Ian Bell - M Batch
Graham Thorpe - G Thirp
Vikram Solanki - V Sulenki
Marcus Trescothick - M Triscathack
Michael Vaughan - M Vorner
Simon Jones - S James
Alistair Cook - R Kaye

India

Sourav Ganguly - S Gengoly
Virender Sehwag - V Sahwaq
Rahul Dravid - R Druvad
Anil Kumble - A Kemblar
Harbhajan Singh - H Songe
Sachin Tendulkar- S Tandelki
Laksmipathy Balaji - L Bulege
Zaheer Khan - Z Khone
RP Singh - A Nuhre
Gautam Gambhir - D Mangear
MS Dhoni - P Pitul
Irfan Pathan - I Pethon
Ajit Agarkar - A Agirker
Yuvraj Singh - Y Songe
Sachin Tendulkar - S Tandelki
Mohammad Kaif - M Kolef
VVS Laxman - V Luxmin

Zimbabwe

Gavin Ewing - A Cumpball
Heath Streak - H Stroik
Andy Blignaut - A Blagneat
Dion Ebrahim - D Ebreham
Keith Dabengwa - S Ervane
Tatenda Taibu - A Flawyer
Brendan Taylor - G Falwyer
Blessing Mahwire - T Freund
Douglas Hondo - D Handi
Terry Duffin - D Morullear
Stuart Matsikenyeri - S Metsukanyari
Henry Olonga - H Olenge
Hamilton Masakadza - T Teebo
Waddington Mwayenga - G Whetoll
Charles Coventry - C Washert
Mark Vermeulen - M Varmealan

Will need help with Zimbabwe i reckon...From what I hear, Taibu has retired.

You will see the players who i think have retired from Zimbabwe cricket.

West Indies

Ramnaresh Sarwan - R Sirwen
Chris Gayle - C Goyler
Shivnarine Chanderpaul - S Chindarpool
Ricardo Powell - R Piwall
Sylvester Joseph - S Jusuph
Dwayne Smith - D Smythe
Danesh Ramdin - R Jecubbs
Ian Bradshaw - I Bridshow
Dwayne Bravo - R Rempall
Fidel Edwards - F Edvords
Tino Best - T Bust
Brian Lara - B Lara
Jermaine Lawson - M Dollan
Corey Collymore - C Callemere
Pedro Collins - P Callans

Bangladesh

Khaled Mashud - K Meshad
Nafees Iqbal - A Kepoli
Habibul Bashar - H Bisher
Javed Omar - H Sorkur
Khaled Mahmud - K Mehmad
Manjurul Islam - M Islen
Mohammad Ashraful - M Ashrofel
Mohammad Rafique - M Refequar
Tapash Baisya - T Beasyar
Mushfiqur Rahman - M Rehmon
Syed Rasel - T Azezi - ALL MF
Rajin Saleh - R Solih
Shahariar Hossain - Sh Hassan
Aftab Ahmed - F Hassan
Enamul Haque jnr - A Rozzeq
Mashrafe Mortaza - A Kober

Canada

Ashish Bagai - A Bogir
Ian Billcliff - I Bellclef
Desmond Chumney - D Chamnay
Austin Codrington - A Cedrungton
John Davison - J Doveson
Nicholas de Groot - N de Greet
Joseph Harris - J Horace
Nicholas Ifill - N Ifal
Davis Joseph - D Jusuph
Ishwar Maraj - I Merej
Abdul Samad - A Semid
Fazil Samad - F Semid
Barry Seebaran - B Soorbiren
Sanjayan Thuraisingam - S Thereasingem
Zubin Surkari - Z Shakira

Kenya

Steve Tikolo - S Tokele
Maurice Odumbe - M Odambi
Aasif Karim - A Khurum
Alpesh Vadher - A Vidhir
Ravindu Shah - R Shir
Hitesh Modi - H Made
Brijal Patel - B Pitul
Martin Suji - M Soja
Tony Suji - A Soja
Thomas Odoyo - T Odiyar
Kennedy Otieno - K Oteanar
Joseph Angara - J Angire
Peter Ongondo - P Ongunde
David Obuya - D Obeye
Collins Obuya - C Obeye
James Kamande - J Kimonde

Namibia

Deon Kotze - D Kutzi
Andries Burger - A Bergar
Louis Burger - L Bergar
Sarel Burger - S Bergar
Morne Karg - M Korge
Daniel Keulder - D Kaldar
Bjorn Kotze - B Kutzi
Lennie Louw - J Leaw
Bryan Murgatroyd - B Mirgotreed
Gerrie Snyman - G Snomen
Stefan Swanepoel - S Swonepaal
Johannes van der Merwe - J van der Marwa
Burton van Rooi - B van Reej
Melt van Schoor - M van Scheer
Rudi van Vuuren - R van Veeran
Riaan Walters - R Wiltors

Holland

Roland Lefebvre - R Lafabvri
Luuk van Troost - L van Treesti
Daan van Bunge - D van Bang
Jacob-Jan Esmeijer - J Esmajor
Feiko Kloppenburg - J Klapponberg
Tim de Leede - T de Lood
Hendrik-Jan Mol - H Mill
Ruud Nijman - R Najmen
Klaas-Jan van Noortwijk - K van Naartwikke
Adeel Raja - A Rojo
Edgar Schiferli - E Schafarle
Reinout Scholte - R Schalti
Jeroen Smits - J Smyt
Nick Statham - N Stothem
Bas Zuiderent - B Zeadarant
Sebastiaan Gokke - S Gakki